Abhiz Web Log

Sunday, January 09, 2011

Friday, January 07, 2011

IS de fragmentation required in Linux File system?

One of the question that come out every once a while from new GNU/Linux users is how to defrag Linux? Usually most would be satisfied with the short answer "Linux does not need filesystem defragmentation like Windows".

For curious users who prefer a rather complete explanation about why GNU/Linux filesystem doesn't need defragmentation like WIndows are, then this article might provide such answer to you : Why doesn't Linux need defragmenting?

Tuesday, January 04, 2011

Design of Single Pass Assembler using C

DESCRIPTION

 input : sic source code in the file 'INPUT.DAT'

 out put : files : SYMTAB.DAT,OBJFILE.DAT,ERROR.DAT

RUN

abhisheklal@abhisheklal-System-Product-Name:~/Documents/Single Pass/Single Pass$ gcc SINGLE.c 
abhisheklal@abhisheklal-System-Product-Name:~/Documents/Single Pass/Single Pass$ ./a.out 
Output file:OBJCODE.DAT
Errors are described in ERROR.DAT
Symbol table is in the file:SYMTAB.DATabhisheklal@abhisheklal-System-Product-Name:~/Documents/Single Pass/Single Pass$

CODE

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define q 11//no. of mnemonics in the array A
void main()
{
int lc,ad,address,err=0;
int s,num,l,i=0,j,n=0,line=1,f=0,f1=0,t=0,ni=0,m=0,t1;
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3,*fp4;
char lab[10],op[10],val[10],code[10];
char a[20][15]={"STA","STL","LDA","LDB","J","JEQ","J","SUB","COMP","STCH","ADD","SUB"};
char b[20][15]={"14","32","03","69","34","30","48","28","24","16","0C"};
char sym[15][10];
int symadd[15];
//clrscr();
fp1=fopen("INPUT.DAT","r");
fp2=fopen("OBJFILE.DAT","w");
fp3=fopen("ERROR.DAT","w");
fp4=fopen("SYMTAB.DAT","w");
while((!feof(fp1)))
{
 fscanf(fp1,"%s\t%s\t%s",lab,op,val);
 t++;
 m++;
 if(strcmp(op,".")==0)
  m=0;
 else if(strcmp(op,"END")==0)
  break;
}
t=t-1;
m--;
fclose(fp1);
fp1=fopen("INPUT.DAT","r");
fscanf(fp1,"%s\t%s\t%x",lab,op,&lc);
fprintf(fp3,"-------------------------------------\n");
fprintf(fp3,"LINE NO.\t|ERROR FOUND\n");
fprintf(fp3,"-------------------------------------");
fprintf(fp4,"SYMBOL\tADDRESS");
s=lc;
fprintf(fp2,"H^%s^00%x^%x\n",lab,lc,t*3);
fprintf(fp2,"T^00%x^",lc);
if(m>10)
 fprintf(fp2,"1E");
else
 fprintf(fp2,"%x",m*3);
 while((op,".")!=0&&(!feof(fp1)))
 {
  fscanf(fp1,"%s\t%s\t%s",lab,op,val);
  line++;
  if(strcmp(lab,"$")!=0)
   {
   for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
    if(strcmp(lab,sym[i])==0)
     {
      f=1;
      break;
     }
    f=0;
    }
   if(f==0)
   {
   strcpy(sym[n],lab);
   symadd[n]=lc;
   fprintf(fp4,"\n%s\t%x",lab,lc);
   n++;
   }
   if(f==1){
    fprintf(fp3,"%d\t\t|SYMBOL ALREADY DEFINED\n",line);err++;}
   }
   num=atoi(val);
   if(strcmp(op,"RESW")==0)
    lc=lc+(num*3);
   else if(strcmp(op,"RESB")==0)
    lc=lc+num;
   else if(strcmp(op,"BYTE")==0)
   {
    num=strlen(val)-3;
    lc=lc+num;
    for(i=2,j=0;i<strlen(val)-1;i++)
    {
     code[j]=val[i];
     j++;
    }
    code[j]='\0';
    fprintf(fp2,"^%s",code);
    ni++;
   }
   else
    lc=lc+3;
   if(strcmp(op,".")==0)
    break;
  }
  while(strcmp(op,"END")!=0&&(!feof(fp1)))
  {
   fscanf(fp1,"%s\t%s\t%s",lab,op,val);
   line++;
   if(strcmp(op,"END")==0)
    break;
   if((strcmp(lab,"$")!=0)&&((strcmp(op,"RESW")!=0||strcmp(op,"RESB")!=0||strcmp(op,"WORD")!=0||strcmp(op,"BYTE")==0)))
   {
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
     if(strcmp(lab,sym[i])==0)
     {
      f=1;
      break;
     }
     f=0;
    }
    if(f==0)
    {
     strcpy(sym[n],lab);
     symadd[n]=lc;
     fprintf(fp4,"\n%s\t%x",lab,lc);
     n++;
    }
    else{
     fprintf(fp3,"\n%d\t\t|SYMBOL ALREADY DEFINED",err++);}
    }
    else if(strcmp(op,"RESW")==0||strcmp(op,"RESB")==0||strcmp(op,"WORD")==0||strcmp(op,"BYTE")==0)
     fprintf(fp3,"\n%d\t\t|Declaration not allowed here",line);
    if(strcmp(op,"RESW")!=0&&strcmp(op,"RESB")!=0&&strcmp(op,"WORD")!=0&&strcmp(op,"BYTE")!=0)
    {
    for(i=0;i<q;i++)
    {
    if(strcmp(op,a[i])==0)
     {
     strcpy(code,b[i]);
     f1=0;
     break;
     }
    f1=1;
    }
   if(f1==1){
   fprintf(fp3,"\n%d\t\t|WRONG OPCODE",line);err++;}
   for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
    if(strcmp(val,sym[i])==0)
     {
     address=symadd[i];
     f=0;
     break;
     }
    f=1;
    }
   if(f){
   fprintf(fp3,"\n%d\t\t|UNDEFINED SYMBOL",line);err++;}
   }
  if(ni<10)
  {
  fprintf(fp2,"^%s%x",code,address);
  ni++;
  }
  else
  {
  fprintf(fp2,"T^00%x^",lc);
   if(m>10)
   {
   fprintf(fp2,"1E");
   m=m-10;
   }
   else
   {
   fprintf(fp2,"%x",m*3);
   fprintf(fp2,"^%s%x",code,address);
   ni=0;
   }
  }
  lc=lc+3;
  }
 fprintf(fp2,"\nE^00%x",s);
 fprintf(fp3,"\nNo of errors=%d\n--------------------------------------",err);
 printf("Output file:OBJCODE.DAT\nErrors are described in ERROR.DAT\nSymbol table is in the file:SYMTAB.DAT");
 //getch();
 fcloseall();
}

Friday, July 10, 2009

Ubuntu Repository 9.04 (Jaunty)

For super seed downloads use flashget installed using wine

Multiple links will acclerate up to 10 times.

http://repo.ugm.ac.id/iso/ubuntu-dvdrepo/9.04/

http://bos.fkip.uns.ac.id/pub/repository/ubuntu/ubuntu9.04/

ftp://kambing.ui.ac.id/iso/ubuntu-repository/jaunty/

http://mirror.unej.ac.id/pub/iso/ubuntu-repository/jaunty/

http://opensource.telkomspeedy.com/repo/iso/JauntyRepoDVD/

http://kmte.ukm.ums.ac.id/pub/iso/Repo%20Ubuntu/repo-ubuntu9.04/

http://buaya.klas.or.id/pub/ubuntu/9.04/repo/